{"id":33541,"date":"2026-01-24T17:45:18","date_gmt":"2026-01-24T09:45:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ybj-printing.com\/?p=33541"},"modified":"2026-01-24T17:46:44","modified_gmt":"2026-01-24T09:46:44","slug":"%d8%ad%d8%ac%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%a8-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%ad%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%88%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ybj-printing.com\/ar\/%d8%ad%d8%ac%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%a8-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%ad%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%88%d8%af\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 GSM: \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 (GSM) \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>GSM (\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639)<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0641\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 GSM \u0648 GSM \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"yabg-figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ybj-printing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/yabg-understanding-paper-bulk-vs-gsm-how-to-calculate-accurate-spine-widths-20260124-094102.png\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"yabg-figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ybj-printing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/yabg-understanding-paper-bulk-vs-gsm-how-to-calculate-accurate-spine-widths-20260124-094449.png\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 GSM\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 GSM \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/strong>. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 80 \u062c\u0645\u060c 128 \u062c\u0645\u060c 157 \u062c\u0645\u060c 157 \u062c\u0645). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 GSM \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \"\u0631\u0642\u0629\" \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 (1.2 - 1.6):<\/strong> \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0634\u062d\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (0.8 - 1.0):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637. \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639<\/strong> \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 100 \u062c\u0645\/\u0645\u00b2 <em>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627<\/em> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 128 \u062c\u0645\/\u0645\u00b2. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635<\/th>\n<th>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639\/\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.85 - 1.0<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0642\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1.1 - 1.3<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\/\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\/\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1.4 - 2.0<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0631) \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0645\u0645):<\/p>\n<p><code>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a = (\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u00f7 2) \u00d7 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 (\u0645\u0645)<\/code><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629: \u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 2 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0646 (\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629).<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0648 GSM<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 GSM \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<p><code>\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 (\u0645\u0645) = (GSM \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629) \u00f7 1000<\/code><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 200 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0646\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 128 \u062c\u0645\/\u0645\u00b2 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 0.9.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629:<\/strong> (128 \u00d7 0.9 \u00d7 0.9) \u00f7 1000 = 0.1152 \u0645\u0645<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a:<\/strong> (200 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u00f7 2) \u00d7 0.1152 \u0645\u0645 = 0.1152 \u0645\u0645 = <strong>11.52 \u0645\u0645<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 <strong>\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635<\/strong> \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0628\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645):<\/strong> \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635. \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 (0.5 \u0645\u0645 - 1 \u0645\u0645 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 5 \u0645\u0645 - 7 \u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a) \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 (\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649):<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 <em>\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/em> \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a (\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0642\") \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629. <strong>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062c:<\/strong> \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b (\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 64 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \"\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641\" (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u00b15% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0639 (\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 8 \u0623\u0648 16 \u0623\u0648 32 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629). \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \"\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\" \u0623\u0648 \"\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\" \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0643. \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642:<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644 \"157 \u062c\u0645\/\u0645\u00b2\". \u062d\u062f\u062f \"157 \u062c\u0645\/\u0645\u00b2 \u0641\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639 157 \u062c\u0645\/\u0645\u00b2\" \u0623\u0648 \"140 \u062c\u0645\/\u0645\u00b2 \u062e\u0634\u0628 \u062d\u0631\" \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643 12.4 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 12.5 \u0645\u0645 \u0623\u0648 13 \u0645\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0644) \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 300 \u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0648 350 \u062c\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/h2>\n<p>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 GSM \u0648GSM\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0643 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0643. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 YBJ \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u061f<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One of the most common technical errors in book production is an incorrect spine width calculation. When a designer assumes that paper weight (GSM) equals paper thickness, the resulting cover art often fails to align properly during binding. This can lead to text shifting onto the front or back cover, or unsightly white lines running &#8230; <a title=\"\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 GSM: \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ybj-printing.com\/ar\/%d8%ad%d8%ac%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%a8-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%ad%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%88%d8%af\/\" aria-label=\"\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 GSM: \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\">\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":33529,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[178,544,546,543,545,542],"class_list":["post-33541","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-book-printing","tag-book-printing","tag-gsm-vs-thickness","tag-offset-printing-specs","tag-paper-bulk","tag-print-design","tag-spine-width"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Paper Bulk vs GSM: Calculating Accurate Book Spine Widths<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Don&#039;t let spine width errors ruin your print run. Learn the difference between paper bulk and GSM, and how to calculate the correct spine for hardcovers and softcovers.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ybj-printing.com\/ar\/\u062d\u062c\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644-\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628-\u0639\u0631\u0636-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Paper Bulk vs. GSM: The Guide to Accurate Spine Widths\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Why 100gsm paper can be thicker than 128gsm. 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